James Kavanagh was born at Back Street, Arklow, on 18 November 1905, the son of Denis Kavanagh aand Julia Reilly. His birth was registered on 29 December 1905 by Sarah Massey of Fair Green, who was present at the birth.
Listed as living in Household 11, Rock Big with his parents and seven siblings; Patrick, Lizzie, Denis, Mary, William, Edward and Michael.
By the 1926 Irish Free State Census, twenty-year-old James was residing with his parents and seven brothers at Askintinny, Arklow. Single and working as a sailor, he was recorded on line 4 of the return, employed on the SS St. Kevin out of 'Hutchinson's Glasgow'.
On 17th April 1949, James married Esther Treacy at the Roman Catholic Church of Arklow. James was residing at the family homeplace in Askintinny at the time of the wedding and his profession, like his father's was "seafaring". Esther was living at Rock Big, the daughter of farmer, Richard Treacy.
The ceremony was solemnised by Parish Priest Michael Behan, with James Kavanagh and Harriet Mullet standing as witnesses.